Helicenes are benzologues of phenanthrene. With four or more rings (tetrahelicene,
or [4]helicene) the compounds exist in two helical, enantiomeric forms, with C2 symmetry. Racemization
experiments, carried out in the seventies, gave surprising results: not only did racemization occur
at lower temperatures than expected from hardware models; the barriers even showed a tendency to level off for a
higher number of rings. Calculations confirmed that for [4]- to [9]helicene the racemization occurs via a
CS symmetric transition state (TS). For [8]helicene shown in the animations on the left, the energy barrier to
racemization was measured as well as calculated to amount to about 175kJ/mol. Data and
transition state structures were taken from http://www.cmbi.kun.nl/~borkent/motm/deca.html.
For details see also R. H. Janke, G. Haufe, E.-U. Würthwein, and J. H. Borkent, J. Amer. Chem. Soc.1996, 118, 6031;
and S. Grimme and S. D. Peyerimhoff, Chem. Phys.1996, 204, 411.